March 30th was National Polio Day in India. Unicef, the Rotary International and the Indian Government have teamed-up to eradicate this disease. It’s a united effort, with public and private health care

workers joined together to protect the children. It was also a great day to gain further understanding of their national immunization program.
The central government has identified 5 mandatory immunizations that children must receive. They are provided for free at government clinics, but if you go to a private clinic you must pay a small fee. The Indian Academy of Pediatrics has a Committee on

Immunization (IAPCOI) which creates the list of recommended childhood vaccines. Unlike the US, TB and Typhoid are on the list. Combination vaccines are available; the cost is significantly more so it’s up to the parent to decide. A list of all recommend vaccines and their prices are provided to parents, along with the timing of the vaccines and alternatives such as injected polio.
There was a news clipping in the pediatricians office: it focused on a recent case of polio in Delhi that was caused by the P1 strain – considered to be the most dangerous. It occurred in a slum, populated by villagers who came to Delhi for work. In 2007 there were two cases of P3 polio, in 2006 seven cases caused by P1. Many physicians are recommending their patients give injectable polio to their children, in addition to the oral. IAPCOI and government officials believe that switching to IPV from oral polio could jeopardize their entire polio program. So doctors recommend both if the parents can afford it.

Although India’s Polio program is ten years old, there were 676 cases in 2006 and 864 in 2007. On polio day, government schools and hospitals administer the vaccine and marked the child’s finger to show they were immunized. The following week, government employees go door-to-door to see if all the eligible children were immunized. They only record the number of doses given, not which children have been immunized. Keeping such detailed information is harder than it appears. Medical records in private offices are the responsibility of the parent, not the physician. If the child received services at a government center, a record will be kept. But

migrant workers keep moving, making it hard to keep accurate and complete records on patients.
The goal is the same all over the world, protecting children by preventing disease. Many western countries have access to vaccines and government funding or health insurance helps cover the cost. With most of healthcare in India still out of pocket, most families must absorb the cost. But they do, they know these diseases are still in their community and could claim their child’s life. Westerners have forgotten what these diseases look like, but it’s just a plane ride away. SARS should have been a reminder that with the age of travel, disease can move faster than ever before. Every day I’m grateful for the health I have enjoyed because of the vaccines that have protected me.